Chandler Syndrome
Disease Details
Family Health Simplified
- Description
- Chandler's syndrome is a rare eye disorder characterized by abnormal corneal endothelium leading to progressive corneal edema, iris atrophy, and secondary angle-closure glaucoma.
- Type
- Chandler syndrome is a type of eye disorder known as iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. It is not typically associated with genetic transmission, as its precise cause is unknown and it is generally considered sporadic rather than inherited.
- Signs And Symptoms
- Many cases are asymptomatic, however patients many have decreased vision, glare, monocular diplopia or polyopia, and noticeable iris changes. On exam patients have normal to decreased visual acuity, and a "beaten metal appearance" of the corneal endothelium, corneal edema, increased intraocular pressure, peripheral anterior synechiae, and iris changes.
- Prognosis
- The disease is chronic and often progresses slowly. Prognosis is generally poor when associated with glaucoma.
- Onset
- Chandler syndrome typically begins in adulthood, most often affecting individuals between the ages of 30 and 50. The acronym "nan" seems to be out of context or possibly a typographical error. If you have a specific aspect of Chandler syndrome you would like to know more about, please let me know.
- Prevalence
- The prevalence of Chandler's syndrome is not well-documented due to its rarity. It is a subtype of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome and primarily affects middle-aged women, although it can occur in men and other age groups as well. It typically presents unilaterally, affecting only one eye.
- Epidemiology
- Chandler syndrome is one of the three clinical variants of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, a rare ocular disorder. It typically affects young to middle-aged adults, more commonly in females. The precise prevalence is not well documented due to its rarity. This condition is usually unilateral, meaning it affects only one eye.
- Intractability
- Chandler syndrome, one component of the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, tends to be intractable due to the progressive nature of the disease. It primarily affects the corneal endothelial cells and can lead to secondary complications like glaucoma, which are challenging to manage. Treatment often focuses on controlling intraocular pressure and, in some cases, corneal transplantation, but there is no definitive cure.
- Disease Severity
- The severity of Chandler Syndrome, a form of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, varies among individuals. It typically involves corneal edema, iris abnormalities, and secondary glaucoma, which can lead to vision impairment if untreated. Disease progression and severity depend on the extent of endothelial cell dysfunction and control of intraocular pressure. Regular monitoring and treatment are essential for managing symptoms and preventing complications.
- Healthcare Professionals
- Disease Ontology ID - DOID:11554
- Pathophysiology
- Chandler Syndrome is a rare eye disorder and a subset of the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. The pathophysiology involves an abnormality in the corneal endothelium, which proliferates and migrates across the anterior chamber structures. This abnormal endothelium can form a membrane that contracts and leads to secondary glaucoma, corneal edema, and iris abnormalities. The mechanism behind these changes is not fully understood, but it may involve a combination of endothelial cell dysfunction and possibly viral factors.
- Carrier Status
- Chandler syndrome is not typically associated with carrier status because it is not an inherited condition. It is a rare disorder mainly affecting the eyes, where the cells lining the inside of the cornea (endothelium) grow irregularly, leading to vision problems. There are no known genetic carriers of this syndrome.
- Mechanism
- The exact mechanism is unknown, however there appears to be a component of abnormal corneal endothelium that proliferates onto the iris forming a membrane that then obstructs the trabecular meshwork, leading to iris distortion. Nodule formation can also occur when the abnormal corneal endothelium causes contractions around the iris stroma. Herpesvirus DNA has been identified in some patients following keratoplasty, suggesting the possibility that herpes simplex virus may induce the abnormal endothelialization in the anterior chamber angle and on the surface of the iris.
- Treatment
- Penetrating keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty can be used as treatments for severe cases of ICE. Because glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure are often present in ICE patients, long term follow up may be needed to ensure adequate intraocular pressures are maintained.
- Compassionate Use Treatment
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Chandler Syndrome is a rare form of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome that affects the cornea and the iris, leading to corneal edema and secondary glaucoma. Compassionate use treatment for Chandler Syndrome has not been clearly established, but options could involve interventions aimed at managing symptoms and complications, primarily intraocular pressure.
Current treatments are limited, but off-label or experimental options may include:
1. **Topical Medications**: Medications often used for glaucoma, such as beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogs, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, may be used off-label to manage increased intraocular pressure.
2. **Surgical Interventions**:
- **Trabeculectomy**: A surgical procedure to create a drainage pathway for aqueous humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
- **Glaucoma Drainage Devices**: Implantation of devices designed to divert fluid from the eye to lower intraocular pressure.
3. **Corneal Transplant**: For severe cases with significant corneal edema, a corneal transplant (penetrating keratoplasty) might be considered, though it doesn't address the underlying endothelial dysfunction.
4. **Endothelial Keratoplasty**: This newer technique selectively replaces the damaged endothelial layer and might offer better outcomes with fewer complications than a full-thickness transplant.
5. **Laser Treatment**: Some experimental approaches might involve using laser therapy to manage glaucoma symptoms, although its efficacy specifically for Chandler Syndrome remains under investigation.
Research is ongoing, and engagement with clinical trials may provide access to emerging therapies not yet widely available. - Lifestyle Recommendations
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Chandler syndrome is a rare eye disorder that is a variant of the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. It affects the cornea, iris, and the drainage angle of the eye, potentially leading to glaucoma. Here are some lifestyle recommendations for managing Chandler syndrome:
1. **Regular Eye Examinations**: Schedule frequent eye check-ups with an ophthalmologist to monitor eye pressure and overall eye health. Early detection of changes can help in managing complications.
2. **Medication Adherence**: If prescribed, take all medications (such as eye drops to lower intraocular pressure) exactly as directed by your healthcare provider.
3. **Protect Your Eyes**: Wear protective eyewear to avoid injuries, which could exacerbate the condition.
4. **Healthy Diet**: Maintain a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and nutrients that support eye health. Foods such as leafy greens, fish, and fruits can be beneficial.
5. **Hydration**: Stay well-hydrated to support overall bodily functions, including eye health.
6. **Avoid Smoking**: Smoking can worsen vascular health and potentially affect eye conditions. Avoiding or quitting smoking is advisable.
7. **Limit Caffeine Intake**: Excessive caffeine can increase intraocular pressure, so moderate your consumption.
8. **Stress Management**: Engage in stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, or other hobbies, as stress can impact overall health.
9. **Exercise**: Regular, moderate exercise can improve overall health and may have a positive effect on eye pressure. However, avoid activities that strain the eyes.
10. **Posture and Ergonomics**: Ensure good posture and ergonomic setups at work or while reading to avoid added strain on your eyes.
Consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice tailored to your specific condition and overall health. - Medication
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Chandler Syndrome is a rare eye disorder and part of the spectrum of conditions known as iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndromes. There is no specific medication for Chandler Syndrome; treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and complications.
**Medications:**
1. **Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Lowering Medications:** To manage secondary glaucoma that often accompanies Chandler Syndrome.
- **Beta-blockers (e.g., Timolol)**
- **Prostaglandin analogs (e.g., Latanoprost)**
- **Alpha agonists (e.g., Brimonidine)**
- **Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., Dorzolamide)**
Monitor the condition regularly with an ophthalmologist to adjust treatment as necessary. - Repurposable Drugs
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Chandler syndrome, a subset of the more extensive iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, is a rare ocular disorder characterized by abnormal corneal endothelium, leading to corneal edema, iris abnormalities, and secondary glaucoma.
There are currently no well-established repurposable drugs specifically for Chandler syndrome. Treatment often focuses on managing symptoms and complications, such as intraocular pressure (IOP) control, to prevent glaucoma and corneal edema.
Medications traditionally used for glaucoma management include:
1. **Prostaglandin analogs** (e.g., latanoprost, bimatoprost)
2. **Beta-blockers** (e.g., timolol)
3. **Alpha agonists** (e.g., brimonidine)
4. **Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors** (e.g., dorzolamide, acetazolamide)
5. **Rho kinase inhibitors** (e.g., netarsudil)
In some cases, corneal transplant surgery or other surgical interventions may be needed if medical management is insufficient. As research progresses, there may be potential in exploring repurposable drugs more precisely targeted to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Chandler syndrome. - Metabolites
- Chandler syndrome is a rare eye disorder that is part of a group of diseases known as Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) syndromes. Metabolites specifically associated with Chandler syndrome are not well-defined, as the condition primarily involves abnormalities in the corneal endothelium, iris, and anterior chamber angle. Detection typically relies on clinical assessment rather than metabolic profiling.
- Nutraceuticals
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Chandler's Syndrome is a rare eye condition that affects the cornea and anterior chamber of the eye. Nutraceuticals and other dietary supplements have not been shown to directly impact or treat Chandler's Syndrome. The condition typically requires management through conventional medical treatments, such as medications to reduce intraocular pressure, and in some cases, surgical intervention.
Please consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options. - Peptides
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Chandler Syndrome is a rare eye disorder that is part of the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. It primarily affects the corneal endothelium, iris, and the angle of the anterior chamber. There is limited information and research specifically associating peptides with Chandler Syndrome. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms such as glaucoma and corneal edema, usually through medications or surgical interventions.
As for nanotechnology (nan), its application in Chandler Syndrome is still an emerging area of research. Potential uses may include targeted drug delivery systems or advanced materials for corneal implants, but these are not yet standard treatments. Further research is necessary to establish effective nanotechnology-based therapies for Chandler Syndrome.